【橡膠技術(shù)網(wǎng) - 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)】

 特種型橡膠指具有某些特殊性能的橡膠。主要有：

①氟橡膠。分子結(jié)構(gòu)中含有氟原子的合成橡膠。通常以共聚物中含氟單元的氟原子數(shù)目來表示，如氟橡膠23，是偏二氟乙烯同三氟氯乙烯的共聚物。氟橡膠耐高溫、耐油、耐化學(xué)腐蝕。

②丁腈橡膠。簡稱NBR，由丁二烯和丙烯腈共聚制得。耐油、耐老化性能好，可在120℃的空氣中或在150℃的油中長期使用。此外，還具有耐水性、氣密性及優(yōu)良的粘結(jié)性能。

③硅橡膠。主鏈由硅氧原子交替組成，在硅原子上帶有有機(jī)基團(tuán)。耐高低溫，耐臭氧，電絕緣性好。

④氯丁橡膠。簡稱CR，由氯丁二烯聚合制得。具有良好的綜合性能，耐油、耐燃、耐氧化和耐臭氧。但其密度較大，常溫下易結(jié)晶變硬，貯存性不好，耐寒性差。

⑤聚硫橡膠。由二鹵代烷與堿金屬或堿土金屬的多硫化物縮聚而成。有優(yōu)異的耐油和耐溶劑性，但強(qiáng)度不高，耐老化性、加工性不好，有臭味，多與丁腈橡膠并用。此外，還有聚氨酯橡膠、氯醇橡膠、丙烯酸酯橡膠等。

Special type rubber that has some special properties of the rubber. Are:

① fluorine rubber. Containing fluorine atoms in the molecular  structure of synthetic rubber. Usually fluorinated copolymer unit, said the  number of fluorine atoms, such as fluorine rubber, 23, is a vinylidene fluoride  copolymers with chlorotrifluoroethylene. Viton high temperature, oil resistance,  chemical corrosion.

② nitrile rubber. Referred to as the NBR, the butadiene and acrylonitrile copolymer obtained. Oil, anti-aging properties, and can be at 120 ℃ 150 ℃ in air or oil in the long-term use. In addition, it also has water resistance, air tightness and excellent bonding properties.

③ silicone rubber. Main chain composed of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms in the silicon atoms with organic groups. High temperature resistance, ozone resistance, electrical insulation.

④ neoprene.  Short CR, obtained by the polymerization of chloroprene. Has a good overall  performance, oil, fire, resist oxidation and ozone. But its high density, easy  to crystallize at room temperature hardening, storage is bad, bad cold.

⑤ polysulfide rubber. By two alkyl halide with alkali metal or alkaline earth metal polysulfides from condensation. Has excellent oil and solvent resistance, but the intensity is not high, anti-aging, processing is bad, smell, and used more with nitrile rubber. In addition, polyurethane rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, acrylic rubber.

　　橡膠加工基本過程包括塑煉、混煉、壓延或擠出、成型和硫化等基本工序，每個(gè)工序針對(duì)制品有不同的要求，分別配合以若干輔助操作。為了能將各種所需的配合劑加入橡膠中，生膠首先需經(jīng)過塑煉提高其塑性；然后通過混煉將炭黑及各種橡膠助劑與橡膠均勻混合成膠料；膠料經(jīng)過壓出制成一定形狀坯料；再使其與經(jīng)過壓延掛膠或涂膠的紡織材料（或與金屬材料）組合在一起成型為半成品；最后經(jīng)過硫化又將具有塑性的半成品制成高彈性的最終產(chǎn)品。

The basic process of rubber processing, including plastic refining, mixing, rolling or extrusion, molding and curing, and other basic processes, each process has different requirements for the products were in line with the number of auxiliary operations. To be able to add all the necessary ingredients in rubber, raw rubber first need to improve their plasticity after plasticating; then mixing the carbon black and rubber chemicals and synthetic rubber materials rubber evenly mixed; plastic material through pressure A blank made of a certain shape; then linked it with glue or adhesive through the calendar of textile material （or metal） together forming the semi-finished products; the final after the semi-sulfide in turn has made of flexible plastic end-products .